Convention on the Law applicable to products liability

　　海牙产品责任适用法律的公约

　　1973年10月2日订于海牙The States signatory to the present Convention,

　　本公约的签字国愿就国际案件中的产品责任适用法律制定共同规则，决定为此缔结一项公约，并已同意下列条款：

　　Desiring to establish common provisions on the law applicable, in international cases, to products liability, Have resolved to conclude a Convention to this effect and have agreed upon the following provisions:

　　第一条　本公约确定制造商和其他由第三条规定的人因产品造成损害，包括因对产品的错误说明或对其质量、特性或使用方法未提供适当说明而造成损害责任所适用法律。

　　凡产品的所有权或使用权已由被控负有责任的人转移到遭受损害的人，本公约不适用于他们之间的责任。不论诉讼性质如何，均应适用本公约。

　　Article 1 This Convention shall determine the law applicable to the liability of the manufacturers and other persons specified in Article 3 for damage caused by a product, including damage in consequence of a misdescription of the product or of a failure to give adequate notice on its qualities, its characteristics or its method of use.

　　Where the property in, or the right to use, the product was transferred to the person suffering damage by the person claimed to be liable, the Convention shall not apply to their liability inter se.

　　This Convention shall apply irrespective of the nature of the proceedings.

　　第二条　在本公约的范围内：Article 2 For the purposes of this Convention:

　　(1)“产品”一词应包括天然产品和工业产品，而不论是未加工还是加工过的，是动产还是不动产;

　　(2)“损害”一词是指对人身的伤害或对财产的损害以及经济损失。但是，除非与其他损害联系在一起，产品本身的损害以及间接损失不应包括在内。

　　(3)“人”一词是指法人和自然人。

　　a) the word "product" shall include natural and industrial products, whether raw or manufactured and whether movable or immovable;

　　b) the word "damage" shall mean injury to the person or damage to property as well as economic loss; however, damage to the product itself and the consequential economic loss shall be excluded unless associated with other damage;

　　c) the word "person" shall refer to a legal person as well as to a natural person.

　　第三条　本公约适用于下列人的责任：

　　(1)成品或零配件的制造商;

　　(2)天然产品的生产者;

　　(3)产品的供应者;

　　(4)在产品准备或销售商业环节中的其他人，包括修理人和仓库管理人。

　　本公约也适用于上述规定的人的代理人或雇员的责任。

　　Article 3 This Convention shall apply to the liability of the following persons:

　　(1) manufacturers of a finished product or of a component part;

　　(2) producers of a natural product;

　　(3) suppliers of a product;

　　(4) other persons, including repairers and warehousemen, in the commercial chain of preparation or distribution of a product.

　　It shall also apply to the liability of the agents or employees of the persons specified above.

　　第四条　适用的法律应为损害地所在国的国内法，如果该国也是：

　　(1)直接遭受损害的人的惯常居所地;或

　　(2)被控负有责任人的主要营业地;或

　　(3)直接遭受损害的人取得产品的所在地。

　　Article 4 The applicable law shall be the internal law of the State of the place of injury, if that State is also:

　　a) the place of the habitual residence of the person directly suffering damage, or

　　b) the principal place of business of the person claimed to be liable, or

　　c) the place where the product was acquired by the person directly suffering damage.

　　第五条　尽管有第四条的规定，适用的法律应为直接受害人的惯常居所国家的国内法，如果该国也是：

　　(1)被控负有责任的人的主要营业地;或

　　(2)直接受害人取得产品的所在地。

　　Article 5 Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4, the applicable law shall be the internal law of the State of the habitual residence of the person directly suffering damage, if that State is also:

　　a) the principal place of business of the person claimed to be liable, or

　　b) the place where the product was acquired by the person directly suffering damage.

　　第六条　凡第四条和第五条指定的法律都不适用时，则适用的法律应为被控负有责任的人的主要营业地所在国的国内法，除非请求人根据伤害地所在国的国内法提出请求。

　　Article 6 Where neither of the laws designated in Articles 4 and 5 applies, the applicable law shall be the internal law of the State of the principal place of business of the person claimed to be liable, unless the claimant bases his claim upon the internal law of the State of the place of injury.

　　第七条　如果被控负有责任的人证明他不可能合理地预见该产品或他自己的同类产品经由商业渠道在该国出售，则根据第四条、第五条和第六条规定的伤害地所在国法和直接受害人惯常居所国法，均不适用。

　　Article 7 Neither the law of the State of the place of injury nor the law of the State of the habitual residence of the person directly suffering damage shall be applicable by virtue of Articles 4, 5 and 6 if the person claimed to be liable establishes that he could not reasonably have foreseen that the product or his own products of the same type would be made available in that State through commercial channels.

　　第八条　本公约规定的适用的法律特别应确定：

　　(1)责任的依据和范围;

　　(2)免除、限制和划分责任的依据;

　　(3)可予赔偿的损害赔偿种类;

　　(4)赔偿的形式及其范围;

　　(5)损害赔偿的权利可否转让或继承的问题;

　　(6)可依自己的权利要求损害赔偿的人;

　　(7)委托人对其代理人或雇员的行为所承担的责任;

　　(8)对适用法有关责任法规则的举证责任;

　　(9)时效规则，包括有关时效的开始、中断和中止的规则。

　　Article 8 The law applicable under this Convention shall determine, in particular:

　　(1) the basis and extent of liability;

　　(2) the grounds for exemption from liability, any limitation of liability and any division of liability;

　　(3) the kinds of damage for which compensation may be due;

　　(4) the form of compensation and its extent;

　　(5) the question whether a right to damages may be assigned or inherited;

　　(6) the persons who may claim damages in their own right;

　　(7) the liability of a principal for the acts of his agent or of an employer for the acts of his employee;

　　(8) the burden of proof insofar as the rules of the applicable law in respect thereof pertain to the law of liability;

　　(9) rules of prescription and limitation, including rules relating to the commencement of a period of prescription or limitation, and the interruption and suspension of this period.

　　第九条　适用第四条、第五条和第六条时，不应不考虑产品销售市场所在国通行的行为规则和安全规则。

　　Article 9 The application of Articles 4, 5 and 6 shall not preclude consideration being given to the rules of conduct and safety prevailing in the State where the product was introduced into the market.

　　第十条　根据本公约适用法律只有明显地与公共政策(“公共秩序”)不一致时才可拒绝适用。

　　Article 10 The application of a law declared applicable under this Convention may be refused only where such application would be manifestly incompatible with public policy ("ordre public").

　　第十一条　上述条款的适用不受任何互惠条件的影响。即使适用的法律不是缔约国的法律，也应适应本公约。

　　Article 11 The application of the preceding Articles shall be independent of any requirement of reciprocity. The Convention shall be applied even if the applicable law is not that of a Contracting State.

　　第十二条　若一国由几个领土单位组成，而且第一领土单位有其自己关于产品责任的法律规则，为按照本公约选择适用法律之目的，每个领土单位应视为一个国家。

　　Article 12 Where a State comprises several territorial units each of which has its own rules of law in respect of products liability, each territorial unit shall be considered as a State for the purposes of selecting the applicable law under this Convention.

　　第十三条　若一个具有统一法律制度的国家根据本公约第四条和第五条不受适用另一国家的法律拘束，则一个拥有不同领土单位，而且各自订有其自己关于产品责任的法律规则的国家可不受适用本公约的拘束。

　　Article 13 A State within which different territorial units have their own rules of law in respect of products liability shall not be bound to apply this Convention where a State with a unified system of law would not be bound to apply the law of another State by virtue of Articles 4 and 5 of this Convention.

　　第十四条　一个缔约国如果有两个或两个以上的领土单位，而且各自订有自己关于产品责任的法律规则，可在签字、批准、接受、核准或加入时，宣布本公约适用于其所有领土单位或仅仅适用于其中的一个或多个的领土单位，并可随时通过递交另一声明来修改其原来的声明。

　　上述声明应通知荷兰外交部，并应明确说明本公约适用的领土单位。

　　Article 14 If a Contracting State has two or more territorial units which have their own rules of law in respect of products liability, it may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, declare that this Convention shall extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them, and may modify its declaration by submitting another declaration at any time.

　　These declarations shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, and shall state expressly the territorial units to which the Convention applies.

　　第十五条　对于缔约国参加的，或可能参加的其他专门方面的公约中有关产品责任的规定，本公约不应优先适用。

　　任何缔约国在签字、批准、接受、认可或加入时，享有下列保留权利：

　　(1)不适用第八条(9)项的规定;

　　(2)本公约不适用于未加工的农产品。

　　不允许作其他保留。

　　Article 15 This Convention shall not prevail over other Conventions in special fields to which the Contracting States are or may become Parties and which contain provisions concerning products liability.

　　Any Contracting State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, reserve the right:

　　(1) not to apply the provisions of Article 8, subparagraph 9;

　　(2) not to apply this Convention to raw agricultural products.

　　第十六条　任何缔约国也可在根据第十九条通知本公约的适用范围时，作出一项或多项保留，其效力可限于适用范围的全部或某些领土单位。

　　任何缔约国可随时撤回其已作出的保留;该项保留自通知撤回后第三个日历月的第一天失效。

　　Article 16 No other reservations shall be permitted. Any Contracting State may also when notifying an extension of the Convention in accordance with Article 19, make one or more of these reservations, with its effect limited to all or some of the territories mentioned in the extension.

　　Any Contracting State may at any time withdraw a reservation it has made; the reservation shall cease to have effect on the first day of the third calendar month after notification of the withdrawal.

　　第十七条　本公约对海牙国际私法会议第十二次会议时是该组织的成员国开放签字。

　　本公约须经批准，接受或认可，批准书、接受书或认可书交存荷兰外交部。

　　Article 17 This Convention shall be open for signature by the States which were Members of the Hague Conference on Private International Law at the time of its Twelfth Session.

　　It shall be ratified, accepted or approved and the instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.

　　第十八条　任何在第十二次会议后成为海牙国际私法会议成员国的国家，或者联合国或该组织的专门机构的成员国，或者国际法院规约的参加国，可在本公约根据第二十条生效后加入。

　　加入书应交存荷兰外交部。

　　Article 18 Any State which has become a Member of the Hague Conference on Private International Law after the date of its Twelfth Session, or which is a Member of the United Nations or of a specialised agency of that Organisation, or a Party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice may accede to this Convention after it has entered into force in accordance with Article 20.

　　The instrument of accession shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.

　　第十九条　任何国家在签字、批准、接受、认可或加入时，可宣布本公约扩展适用于所有该国在国际关系上负有责任的地区，或其中的一个或多个地区。此项声明自本约对有关国家生效之日起发生效力。

　　此后，应将这种扩展适用通知荷兰外交部。

　　Article 19 Any State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, declare that this Convention shall extend to all the territories for the international relations of which it is responsible, or to one or more of them. Such a declaration shall take effect on the date of entry into force of the Convention for the State concerned.

　　At any time thereafter, such extensions shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.

　　第二十条　本公约自交存第十七条第二款规定的第三份批准书、接受书或认可书后的第三个日历月的第一天起生效。嗣后，本公约的生效应于：

　　批准、接受或认可本公约的每一个国家交存批准书、接受书或认可书后的第三个日历月的第一天起;

　　每个加入公约的国家交存加入书后的第三个日历月的第一天起;

　　每个加入公约的国家交存加入书后的第三个日历月的第一天起;

　　根据第十九条规定对于扩展适用于公约的地区，该条所指的通知后的第三个日历月的第一天起。

　　Article 20 This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the third calendar month after the deposit of the third instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval referred to in the second paragraph of Article 17. Thereafter the Convention shall enter into force:

　　- for each State ratifying, accepting or approving it subsequently, on the first day of the third calendar month after the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval;

　　- for each acceding State, on the first day of the third calendar month after the deposit of its instrument of accession;

　　- for a territory to which the Convention has been extended in conformity with Article 19, on the first day of the third calendar month after the notification referred to in that Article.

　　第二十一条　本公约自根据第二十条第一款规定的生效之日起保持五年效力，即使对后来批准、接受、认可或加入的国家亦如此。

　　如果没有宣布退出，则应视为默示地延展有效期，每次五年。

　　退出应至少在五年期满前六个月通知荷兰外交部，退出可仅限于本公约适用的某些地区。

　　退出仅对已被通知无效的国家发生效力。本公约对其他缔约国仍保持有效。

　　Article 21 This Convention shall remain in force for five years from the date of its entry into force in accordance with the first paragraph of Article 20, even for States which have ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to it subsequently.

　　If there has been no denunciation, it shall be renewed tacitly every five years.

　　Any denunciation shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, at least six months before the expiry of the five year period. It may be limited to certain of the territories to which the Convention applies.

　　The denunciation shall have effect only as regards the State which has notified it. The Convention shall remain in force for the other Contracting States.

　　第二十二条　荷兰外交部应将下列事项通知海牙国际私法会议的成员国以及根据第十八条加入公约的国家：

　　(1)第十七条所指的签字、批准、接受和认可;

　　(2)根据第二十条的规定本公约生效的日期;

　　(3)第十八条所指的加入及其生效的日期;

　　(4)第十九条所指的扩展适用及其生效的日期;

　　(5)第十四条、第十六条和第十九条所指的保留、保留撤回和声明;

　　(6)第二十一条所指的退出。

　　Article 22 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands shall notify the State Members of the Conference, and the States which have acceded in accordance with Article 18, of the following:

　　(1) the signatures and ratifications, acceptances and approvals referred to in Article 17;

　　(2) the date on which this Convention enters into force in accordance with Article 20;

　　(3) the accessions referred to in Article 18 and the dates on which they take effect;

　　(4) the extensions referred to in Article 19 and the dates on which they take effect;

　　(5) the reservations, withdrawals of reservations and declarations referred to in Articles 14, 16 and 19;

　　(6) the denunciations referred to in Article 21.

　　经正式授权的各国代表，业已签署本公约，以资证明。

　　1973年10月2日订于海牙，英文和法文两种文本具有同等效力，正式一份存放于荷兰政府档案馆，并应通过外交途径，将经过认证的副本一份送交在海牙国际私法会议第十二次会议时是该组织成员国的每一个国家。

　　In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this Convention.

　　Done at The Hague, on the 2nd day of October, 1973, in the English and French languages, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the Netherlands, and of which a certified copy shall be sent, through the diplomatic channel, to each of the States Members of the Hague Conference on Private International Law at the date of its Twelfth Session.